DESCRIPTION

APEX RECEPTOR YK 11

SARMs YK-11, one of the newest SARMs for sale, acts as a gene-specific agonist of the androgen receptor (AR) in MDA-MB 453 cells. YK 11 works on a variety of different anabolic pathways. YK-11 has shown greater anabolic activity in vitro in C2C12 myoblasts than DHT. YK11 promoted a cascade of muscle growth and key myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle tissue such as myogenic differentiation factor (MyoD), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), to a significantly greater extent than DHT.

This can in part explain why YK11 exerts its selective modulation of the AR. Unlike testosterone and most other AR mediated anabolic agents, YK-11 is orally bioavailable so it does not require injection for proper absorption. At this time YK-11 is for laboratory research use only and the side effects are not fully known.

YK 11 Benefits from Clinical Research

Muscle Growth

What really sets YK-11 apart is that a key component of its anabolic activity is modulated via expression of follistatin. They discovered this by co-administering anti-follistatin antibodies with YK 11 to measure the difference in effects. Follistatin has been shown to promote insulin-stimulated glucose and amino acid uptake into skeletal muscle cells, improving insulin sensitivity directly and increasing skeletal muscle mass . Follistatin proteins also block inhibitory ligands from binding to Transforming Growth Factor-ß.

Follistatin Effects on Muscle Tissue

Perhaps the most alluring effect of follistatin is the binding and neutralizing of catabolic proteins Activin A, Activin B, and Myostatin. Unfortunately, follistatin proteins themselves undergo rapid proteolysis and have limited bioavailability and half-life even when injected directly into a wasting muscle. YK-11 however stimulates the body to produce more follistatin proteins systemically and locally which may circumvent this shortfall of direct follistatin administration and promote muscle growth.

Muscle Wasting

Animal studies have investigated the effects of YK 11 as a potential treatment for sepsis-induced muscle wasting. Researchers observed protective effects on muscle tissue and organ tissue, as well as suppression of gram-negative bacteria-induced cytokine inflammation. Mortality rate in eight-week-old septic mice treated with YK-11 also decreased significantly. They concluded that this was due to the suppression of myostatin as well as an increase in the expression of the follistatin gene.

Bone growth

YK11, in combination with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was found to accelerate cell proliferation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast cells. YK11 treatment also induced the expression of osteoblast-specific differentiation markers, such as osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin, compared to untreated cells. These effects were diminished by treatment with an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, indicating that the androgen receptor mediates the observed results.

Mechanisms for Bone Recovery

Investigation into the mechanisms of YK11’s action on the AR revealed that it activates non-genomic signalling via phosphorylation of Akt protein. This signaling pathway is known to be a key regulator of androgen-mediated osteoblast differentiation, making it a promising candidate for future research in the field of bone tissue engineering.

YK 11 Side Effects

Little is revealed in clinical studies regarding YK-11 side effects however anecdotal reports online indicate the potential for joint pain, mild male-pattern hair loss, acne and aggression. Due to its action upon the androgen receptor (AR) it is plausible that YK11 may result in side effects commonly reported with other anabolics, for example elevated hemoglobin or hematocrit, high blood pressure, insomnia, nausea, or liver damage. YK 11 is only approved for laboratory research purposes at this time and is not approved for human consumption.

Browse YK11 Collection

CONCENTRATION

30ml - 10mg per ml

SHIPPING

UK

Royal Mail Tracked 24 - £4.49

Royal Mail Tracked 48 - £3.49

FREE SHIPPING OVER £50

EUROPE

Royal Mail International Tracked £8.00

FREE SHIPPING OVER £200

DISCLAIMER

This material is sold for use in laboratory research only. Terms of sale apply. Not for human consumption, nor for medical, veterinary or household use.

FAQs

What is the recommended dosage for YK-11?

The typical dosage for YK-11 ranges from 5 to 15 mg per day, taken orally. A cycle usually lasts between 4 to 8 weeks. It's advised to start with a lower dose to assess tolerance.

Does YK11 suppress testosterone?

Like other SARMs, lab tested YK11 has a dose dependent reductive effect on natural testosterone levels in males.

Where can I buy YK-11?

YK-11 is available through various online retailers as a research chemical. It's important to purchase from reputable sources to ensure product purity and quality. Always check local laws and regulations before purchasing.

For more information about commonly researched compounds like YK-11, check out our SARMs FAQ blog post

SCIENTIFIC REFERENCES

1. Dual Mechanism: Myostatin Inhibition and Androgen Receptor Agonism

Summary: YK-11 functions as a partial agonist of the androgen receptor and inhibits myostatin by increasing follistatin expression, potentially leading to enhanced muscle growth and strength.

Source: ChemicalBook

2. Preclinical Evidence of Muscle Hypertrophy

Summary: Animal studies have suggested that YK-11 may promote muscle hypertrophy by inhibiting myostatin, leading to increased muscle mass and strength.

Source: PubMed Study

3. Potential Neurochemical Effects

Summary: Research indicates that YK-11 may influence neurochemical mechanisms in the hippocampus, potentially affecting memory consolidation and inflammatory cytokine levels.

Source: PubMed Study

4. Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Summary: Studies have shown that YK-11 administration may lead to increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus, suggesting potential neurological risks.

Source: ScienceDirect Article

5. Reported Side Effects

Summary: Anecdotal reports suggest that YK-11 may cause side effects such as hair loss, acne, increased aggression, and potential liver toxicity, particularly at higher doses.

Source: ChemicalBook Side Effects